Of all known types of vascular pathology, the most common is varicose veins.We pay attention to the header of the article: the most common material is considered in this material - in turn, the location of "varicose", i.e. the expansion of the veins on the legs.Other options are relatively less common, however, in the visual field of specialized and related specialists, even constantly fall;These are, for example, the expansion of the esophagus veins, the seed, the small basin, etc.In other words, to associate the term "varicose expansion" only and exclusively with the lower limbs, which is practiced in daily speech, would be wrong.However, in the professional environment, a certain terminological variety is still observed: in some sources, the "varicose veins" are used in some sources, in others the "varicose expansion" is separated from the "varicose disease", etc.
The varicose veins of the lower limbs are a very unpleasant Polisectomatic disease, accompanied by obvious external manifestations.The cosmetic defect on the legs usually progress over the years and many patients (mainly females) are much more worried than hemodynamic disorders and organic changes in the venous walls.Such patients, or rather, patients tend to resort to a variety of intramedical methods and methods to "eliminate varicose veins", at the best of harmless hypotheses and sometimes significantly aggravating the situation.In the meantime, the not treated and neglected forms of venous pathology are full of more serious consequences and, at the first symptoms (see below), consulting a doctor should be consulted if possible: like the vast majority of other diseases, varicose veins are much better to treat the initial phases.
Returning to the question of the prevalence, a wide range of published epidemiological evaluations should be noticed.This is partly two to regional differentives and age-related trends (The Older the Examination, The More The Share of Clinically Significant Cases in IT), Partly The Difference in Diagnostic Approaches, But the Main Reason for Statistical Ambiguitity is, Apparently, The Design of the conducted studies: in Some Cases, Reporting MedicalDocumentation is analyzed (Which is reflected, in Essence, not reflected, not in essence, not the prevalence, and the frequency of calls for help with this disease), in others, some categories of the population are specially examined, during which the characteristic symptoms are recorded and therefore the real frequency of their occurrence in the general population are assessed.Even if you discard extreme assessments, the situation with varicose veins of the lower ends is very depressing: in one degree or another, at least 55-65% of women and 15-25% of men in mature age suffer.An imbalance so deep between the floors is due to anatomical and hormonal differences, as well as to the reproductive function of a woman (pregnancy, childbirth), which in many cases becomes a direct prerequisite for the development of venous disorders.
The tendency to "rejuvenate" these pathologies can only be disturbed by the average age of the start of the disease, most of the sources call the interval of 20-30 years, however, the cases of varicose veins on the foot of the schoolchildren, including young people, have increased from year to year: growing changes in lifestyle (reduction of physical activities) and food veins, sites and others are affected for small substances).
Reasons
First of all, it should be noted that the varicose expansion is not diagnosed with respect to the arteries: this "curse" lies on the veins.The arteries, of course, are also vulnerable and predisposed to various pathological changes, but in this case aneurysms (local sculptures), atherosclerosis, various types of obstruction (lumen narrowing), thromboembolia (blocks), etc.Compared to the artery, the venous walls are less resistant and elastic, less resistant to the deformations of stretching under the load or internal pressure;They are easier from thinner and become partially permeable, due to which the blood sealing or its individual fractions through the venous wall can begin.The fact that varicose veins are often observed in the lower ends, many researchers consider one of the side effects of the evolutionary transition towards simplicity (the other "tribute" serious that humanity pays the release of theHands, it is the pathology of the spinal column).The entire body weight is based on the legs, which creates an abnormally high load on the joints and on the circulatory system.It is reliably known that people suffered from varicose veins already in ancient times;So the dominant cause was, apparently, the constant transport of weights.This factor is relevant today (some types of sports and work activities), however, how civilization has developed, especially in the last hundred or two years, the loads have increased many times with the advent of the "sessions" and "standing" professions: any stagnant phenomenon for the veins is fatal.Direct risk factors include obesity, lack of vegetable food in the diet, injuries (including surgical, for example, consequences of an orthopedic operation), congenital vascular anomalies, hereditary predisposition and gender (see above).The thrombosis of the deep veins and the concomitant inflammation (thrombophlebitis) lead to serious changes in the venous leg system;Therefore, as a separate form of varicose vegetable expansion in western literature, Post -ombophlebitic syndrome is considered.A thick group of provocative factors consists of diseases and conditions that determine greater intra -abdominal pressure: tendency to constipation, chronic cough, etc.;In such cases, the varicose expansion is detected, as a rule, not only in the limbs.
Separately, we should say about Tobacco -Course, which is rightly called the "murderer of the veins".The connection is so obvious and narrow that many experts strongly establish the condition for a complete refusal of smoking before starting any treatment.The ethical aspects of such a medical position can be supported (recently, the demagogic term "the non -smoker" worstage "has appeared), but in the fact that if this condition is not observed, the treatment automatically becomes insignificant and useless, there is no doubt.A passionate smoker, who in this case requires the exercise of the right to medical assistance, is similar to a drug addict, which plans to eliminate dependence and abstinence syndrome, but will continue to take drugs.
At the organic and anatomical level, the main cause of the varicose veins is the failure of the venous valves, which should exclude reflux (blood flow in a direction opposite to normal, which creates excessive pressure in the veins).In reality, with the study of the causes and mechanisms of the development of venous valve dysfunction, with the development of the first methods of its surgical correction at the end of the nineteenth century, modern phlegology began as a medical science of the diseases of the veins, methods of their treatment and prevention.
In general, it is necessary to admit that the abundance of the reasons described above - the meaning of each of which is repeatedly and reliable by large -scale studies - does not yet form a single system.Therefore, in almost equal conditions, in an absolutely the same, apparently combinations of risk factors, in a person, the varicose veins of the lower ends develop and progress quickly, and in the other vein for decades remain intact.This suggests that today ethiopathogenesis has not been clarified until the end and, even the most effective of modern therapeutic strategies, in fact, it remains palliative.However, phlegology is developing extremely dynamically today and the "missing connections" in our knowledge of varicose veins, in all likelihood, will be identified and studied in the near future.
Symptoms
Often the ports or the first symptoms of venous blood circulation disorders are subcutaneous stars or mesh of the small blood vessels of the extensive, visible and visible.Therefore, the swelling nodes, enveloping or located in Cluster, are trained on calves.The legs with varicose veins swell and tire, many patients complain of frequent painful convulsions in the legs (included at night), sensation of itching, heat, stripping "goosebumps", etc.In the absence of care, varicose veins can be complicated by acute trumpeit;Bleeding in this case can be very strong and lead to a massive blood loss.
Diagnostics
An experienced phlebologist recognizes varicose veins from the first glance to cursed.However, a further examination, of course, is necessary how much to collect a detailed story and complaints.There are numerous special functional samples and instrumental methods, X -ray angiography is X -ray angiography and ultrasound in the Duplex Duplex scan mode.
Treatment
In previous decades, the "phlegology" specialty was generally interpreted as a synonym for vascular surgery.Therefore, it has been implicitly implicit that there cannot be a non -surgical treatment of venous pathology.However, to date, the situation has changed radically and the main shifts refer to the last 15-20 years.The course for use - where possible and shown - are few high tech methods - and microinvasives in all surgical specializations and the treatment of varicose veins on the legs today does not necessarily imply a "large" operation.As a rule, the therapy is complete and begins with conservative measures -in the basis of indications, drugs -derians, anticoagulants and anti -acting and anti -inflammatory drugs are prescribed.You can use a bandage or magnificent bandage to elastic compression only after consulting a doctor (in particular, the bandage technique should be explained in detail - starting from the fingers, with the mandatory capture of the heel and the gradual weakening of the compression closer to the knee).Therapeutic physical education, water procedures, diet (it is also necessary to normalize body weight) and the irudotherapy are effective.
However, varicose veins still remains a surgical disease, that is, the radical effect can only be obtained through surgery.There are many specific phlebectomy techniques: removal of the veins, whose residual functional vitality does not reach 10% of the norm.At the same time, the minimally invasive methods mentioned above are more widespread, which have several advantages (less traumatic, the possibility of an outpatient treatment "one day", the absence of crooked aesthetic defects, etc.).The most promising and effective of these methods include sclerotherapy (artificial springs, "glued venous walls" walls with a special solution, which is administered by micro -microa), laser therapy (intravenous included), radio frequency ablation (a thin probe is introduced into the vein, since the walls are "sealed").
It should be understood that the effectiveness of any treatment in this case depends directly on the stadium that the patient transforms to ask for help.It is not necessary to bring the question to "large" surgery: the varicose veins of the lower limbs are completely treated today, but this disease itself does not pass.